Krishna Teja

 15.  Elaborate how proteins' initiation, elongation, and termination happen in the ribosome with suitable diagrams. answer : Introduction : Ever wonder how antibiotics kill bacteria—for instance, when you have a sinus infection? Different antibiotics work in different ways, but some attack a very basic process in bacterial cells: they knock out the ability to make new proteins. To use a little molecular biology vocab, these antibiotics block  translation . In the process of translation, a cell reads information from a molecule called a messenger RNA (mRNA) and uses this information to build a protein. Translation is happening constantly in a normal bacterial cell, just like it is in most of the cells of your body, and it's key to keeping you (and your bacterial "visitors") alive. When you take certain antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin), the antibiotic molecule will latch onto key translation molecules inside of bacterial cells and basically "stall" them. With

  14.  Discuss the structure of ribosomes and their function in the translation process in detail. answer : introduction :   Translation is known as the process by which proteins are synthesized from the genetic material by the process of transcription of DNA into RNA. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and with the help of ribosomes. Ribosomes Definition “Ribosomes are one of the most important cell organelles composed of RNA and protein that converts genetic code into chains of amino acids.” What are Ribosomes? A ribosome is a complex molecular machine found inside the living cells that produce proteins from amino acids during a process called protein synthesis or translation. The process of protein synthesis is a primary function, which is performed by all living cells. Ribosomes are specialized cell organelles and are found in both  prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells . Every living cell requires ribosomes for the production of proteins. This cell organelle also functions