Krishna Teja

  Introduction to Stem Cells: Stem cells are undifferentiated cells present in embryonic, fetal, and adult stages. They can give rise to various cell types in the body, having clonogenic and self-renewing capabilities. These cells are unspecialized, have a high proliferation rate, and possess plasticity, meaning they can transform into different cell lineages. Stem cells are part of all organs in the body. Characteristics of Stem Cells: Self-Renewal : Stem cells can extensively proliferate, maintaining their population throughout life. Clonality : Usually, stem cells arise from a single cell. Potency : This refers to the ability to differentiate into different cell types. Stem cells can either produce a copy of themselves (renewal) or differentiate into specialized cells through a multi-step process, each step leading to a more specialized cell. Self-Renewal and Differentiation: Self-renewal involves the division of stem cells to maintain their undifferentiated state, requiring c...

  Module 1: Food Biotechnological Approach This module provides a comprehensive overview of key topics in food biotechnology, focusing on global perspectives on agriculture, food security, and nutrition, nutritionally enhanced food crop production, biofortification of staple crops, substitutes for sugar, protein, and fat, and advanced approaches, including the applicability and challenges of transgenic biofortified crops. 1. Global Perspectives on Agriculture, Food Security, and Nutrition Introduction With the global population steadily increasing, ensuring food security has become a critical challenge. Food security refers to the availability, access, and utilization of food that meets people’s dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life. This section focuses on the global strategies and efforts to improve food security and nutrition. Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger Sustainable Development Goal 2 aims to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutr...

  Module 1: Overview on Biodiversity - Detailed Explanation and Examples 1. Scope of Biodiversity Definition : Biodiversity refers to the variety of all living things on Earth, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, as well as the ecosystems they form, like forests, oceans, and deserts. Types of Biodiversity : Genetic Diversity : This is the variation in genes within a species. Genes determine how an organism looks, behaves, and adapts to its environment. Example : Imagine different types of apples: green apples, red apples, and yellow apples. Even though they are all apples, their colors, sizes, and tastes differ due to genetic diversity. Species Diversity : This refers to the variety of different species living in an area. The more species there are, the higher the species diversity. Example : A coral reef is home to various species like fish, corals, and sea turtles. Each species plays a different role in maintaining the health of the reef ecosystem. Ecological Di...

  Ancient Fermented Products 7000 BC : Sumerians/Babylonians were making beer, marking one of the earliest known uses of fermentation. 6000 BC : Wine production in Georgia. 4000 BC : Egyptians used yeast to leaven bread. 3000 BC : Babylonians produced fermented milk products. 1000 BC : Fermented soybean curd (precursor to tofu) was developed. 400 BC : Vinegar production began. Medieval and Early Modern Advances 14th Century : Development of the Orléans process for vinegar fermentation. Alcohol distillation became prominent. 17th Century : Antonie van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope, enabling the study of microbes. 19th Century Milestones Schwann and Theodor (1840) : Demonstrated that microbes are responsible for fermentation. Justus von Liebig : Proposed the chemical hypothesis of fermentation. Louis Pasteur (1857–1876) : Proved yeast drives the fermentation process. Disproved the chemical hypothesis and the theory of spontaneous generation. Hansen of Carlsberg Brewery : Isolat...

 Module:5 Electrophoresis 6 hours Principle, types, and applications: Native PAGE, SDS-PAGE, agarose gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, pulse field gel electrophoresis; Supporting media used in electrophoresis

Module:1 Good Laboratory Practices Personnel protective equipment; Standard operating procedures; Characterization of test items; Documentation of data; Quality assurance.

Module:1 Good Laboratory Practices Personnel protective equipment; Standard operating procedures; Characterization of test items; Documentation of data; Quality assurance.